Data Quality Enhancement Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms

Title
Data Quality Enhancement Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms

Date version issued
2026-06-03

Date created
2025-05-10

Part of TDWG Standard
http://example.org/to_be_determined

Preferred namespace abbreviation
bdqenh

This version
https://rs.tdwg.org/bdqenh/terms/2026-06-03

Latest version
https://rs.tdwg.org/bdqenh/terms/

Previous version

Abstract
This document is a reference for the BDQ standard. It covers the vocabulary terms that are types of bdqffdq:Enhancement (originally defined in Veiga 2016 and Veiga et al. 2017) and form the controlled vocabulary for bdqffdq:hasEnhancement.

Authors
Lee Belbin (Blatant Fabrications), Arthur D. Chapman (Australian Biodiversity Information Services), Paul J. Morris (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), John Wieczorek (Rauthiflor LLC)

Creator
TDWG Biodiversity Data Quality Interest Group Task Group 2: Data Quality Tests and Assertions

Bibliographic citation
TDWG Biodiversity Data Quality Interest Group Task Group 2: Data Quality Tests and Assertions. 2026. Data Quality Enhancement Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). https://rs.tdwg.org/bdqenh/terms/2026-06-03

Status
Draft Standard for Review

Table of Contents

• 1 Introduction (non-normative)

  • 1.1 Purpose (non-normative)
  • 1.2 Audience (non-normative)
  • 1.3 Data Quality Enhancements (non-normative)
  • 1.4 Associated Documents (non-normative)
  • 1.5 Term List Distributions (non-normative)
  • 1.6 Status of the Content of this Document (normative)
  • 1.7 RFC 2119 key words (normative)
  • 1.8 Namespace abbreviations (non-normative)
  • 1.9 Key to Vocabulary Terms (normative)

• 2 Use of Terms (normative)

• 3 Term index (non-normative)

  • 3.1 Index By Term Name (non-normative)
  • 3.2 Index By Label (non-normative)

• 4 Vocabulary (normative)

• Glossary (non-normative)

• References (non-normative)

• Cite BDQ (non-normative)

1 Introduction (non-normative)

1.1 Purpose (non-normative)

The purpose of this document is to provide the full term list for the bdqenh: controlled vocabulary, which defines the values of bdqffdq:Enhancement used in BDQ Amendment Tests. Each Enhancement describes a general strategy by which data may be modified or supplemented to improve its quality in alignment with a specified Use Case.

These terms support the formal description of how Amendments propose changes to data and clarify the intended nature of those proposals.

1.2 Audience (non-normative)

This document is intended for users who need a technical understanding of how BDQ Amendment Tests describe proposed Improvements to data. It will be especially useful for:

• Implementers developing systems that generate or evaluate data quality Amendments
• Standards developers and data quality modelers working with the Fitness For Use Framework Ontology
• Analysts and data curators reviewing Test results in the context of proposed changes to datasets

Some familiarity with the structure of BDQ Tests and the Fitness For Use Framework Ontology is recommended.

1.3 Data Quality Enhancements (non-normative)

The concept of bdqffdq:Enhancement, as defined by Veiga (2016) and Veiga et al. (2017), captures the general nature of a proposed change intended to improve data quality. Examples of Enhancements include AssumedDefault, Converted, From, Standardized, and Transposed. These represent high-level categories of Amendment strategies.

Enhancements describe, in abstract terms, what a bdqffdq:Specification expresses concretely. While Enhancements are informally related to Data Quality Dimensions (e.g., a standardized Enhancement might relate to Conformance), those relationships are not formally encoded.

Each bdqffdq:Amendment Test in bdqtest: proposes a change to one or more data values (bdqffdq:InformationElements) based on a specific Enhancement. For example, the Test AMENDMENT_EVENTDATE_STANDARDIZED evaluates the term dwc:eventDate and may propose a revised value formatted according to the ISO 8601 standard. The Enhancement in this case is bdqenh:Standardized.

Enhancements are only applicable to Tests of type bdqffdq:Amendment.

1.4 Associated Documents (non-normative)

For the list and links to all associated documents see The Biodiversity Data Quality (BDQ) Standard.

1.5 Term List Distributions (non-normative)

1.6 Status of the Content of this Document (normative)

Sections may be either normative (defines what is required to comply with the standard) or non-normative (supports understanding but is not binding) and are marked as such.

Any sentence or phrase beginning with "For example" or "e.g.", whether in a normative section or a non-normative section, is non-normative.

Section 1.9 Key to Vocabulary Terms (normative) identifies which values in Section 4 are normative and which are non-normative.

1.7 RFC 2119 key words (normative)

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

1.8 Namespace abbreviations (non-normative)

The following namespace abbreviations are used in this document:

1.9 Key to Vocabulary Terms (normative)

The terminology used to describe the terms in this vocabulary follows the TDWG TDWG Standards Documentation Standard (SDS). Each term definition includes the original RDF definition, and may also provide a TDWG-specific interpretation from the SDS, as well as a definition tailored to this local context.

2 Use of Terms (normative)

In an RDF context, a reference to a term in the bdqenh: namespace MUST use the Term IRI (e.g., https://rs.tdwg.org/bdqenh/terms/AssumedDefault) or Term Qualified name (e.g., bdqenh:AssumedDefault). In a non-RDF context in which resources may be used by software (e.g., a value in a spreadsheet or database table) the Controlled Value String (local name, e.g., AssumedDefault) SHOULD be used. In a purely human context a label (e.g., Assumed Default) MAY be used.

Each instance of bdqffdq:Amendment SHOULD have exactly one bdqffdq:hasEnhancement property relating it to a term in this bdqenh: vocabulary.

An instance of bdqffdq:Validation, bdqffdq:Issue, or bdqffdq:Measure SHOULD NOT have a bdqffdq:hasEnhancement property relating it to a term in this bdqenh: vocabulary.

3 Term index (non-normative)

3.1 Index By Term Name (non-normative)

(See also 3.2 Index By Label (non-normative))

Vocabulary

bdqenh:AssumedDefault | bdqenh:Converted | bdqenh:FilledInFrom | bdqenh:Standardized | bdqenh:Transposed

3.2 Index By Label (non-normative)

(See also 3.1 Index By Term Name (non-normative))

Assumed Default | Converted | Fill In From | Standardized | Transposed

4 Vocabulary (normative)

Glossary (non-normative)

A glossary of acronyms and terms additional to those in the various namespaces can be found in the Glossary (non-normative) section of the Biodiversity Data Quality (BDQ) landing page.

References (non-normative)

The references for the BDQ standard can be found in the References (non-normative) section of the Biodiversity Data Quality (BDQ) landing page.

Cite BDQ (non-normative)

To cite BDQ in general, use the peer-reviewed article:

Chapman AD, Belbin L, Zermoglio PF, Wieczorek J, Morris PJ, Nicholls M, Rees ER, Veiga AK, Thompson A, Saraiva AM, James SA, Gendreau C, Benson A, Schigel D (2020). Developing Standards for Improved Data Quality and for Selecting Fit for Use Biodiversity Data. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 4: e50889. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.4.50889

To cite this document specifically, use the following:

TDWG Biodiversity Data Quality Interest Group Task Group 2: Data Quality Tests and Assertions. 2026. Data Quality Enhancement Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). https://rs.tdwg.org/bdqenh/terms/2026-06-03

Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG)

This content made open by Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) is licensed under a Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) License.